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SCRAP MANAGEMENT

Scrap means waste that either has no economic value or only the value of its basic material content recoverable through recycling.

Scrap is generally availed at the end of the manufacture process. Also you can find some products that are damaged or that are unusable due to expiry or for some other reason, which needs to be scraped.

At the end of manufacturing process, scrap items are accounted in the scrap warehouse.

What is Scrap Management?

Scrap – Waste that either has no economic value or only the value of its basic material content recoverable through recycling • Scrap management – Manufacturers do not intend or plan to make scrap, but depending on the industry and the product, scrap is produced. But depending on the type of scrap, it may be re- cycled back into the production process or sold as a revenue generating product or simply non-recyclable and the enterprise has to pay for an outside contractor to dispose of the product

Scrap Management Process

Large items such as ships, automobiles, appliances, railroad cars and structural steel must be cut to allow them to be charged into a furnace. This can be done using shears, hand-held cutting torches, crushers or shredders. Manual sorting obviously involves the removal of components from the scrap by hand.

A wide range of equipment is used to reduce the size of large scrap material into pieces small enough to enable consolidation, shipment and subsequent feeding into furnaces. The equipment used to accomplish this includes shears, flatteners, and torch-cutting and turning crusher. This equipment is usually operated by dealers and processors who prepare the scrap to be fed into the steel mills.

Shredders or fragmentizers can reduce old automobile hulks into fist-sized pieces using massive hammer-mills. A medium-size shredder uses 36 hammers weighing 250 lbs each to pound auto hulks to pieces. Although the predominant raw material for the shredder is automobile hulks, “white goods” (household appliances such as stoves, washers, dryers, and refrigerators).

Magnetic separation is used when a large quantity of ferrous scrap must be separated from other materials. Permanent magnets and electromagnets are used in this process. The latter can be turned on and off to pick-up and drop items. Magnetic separation can be of either the belt-type or the drum-type. In the drum, a permanent magnet is located inside a rotating shell.

Current separators are used to separate non-ferrous metals from waste. The process generally follows the primary magnetic separation process, and it exploits the electrical conductivity of non-magnetic metals. This is achieved by passing a magnetic current through the feed stream and using repulsive forces interacting between the magnetic field and the eddy currents in the metals. The simplest application of the process is the inclined ramp separator.

Recovery of recyclable materials is often achieved using a heavy-medium separation (HMS) to recover non-ferrous metals from ASR. This process utilizes a medium normally consisting of finely ground magnetite or ferrosilicon and water. By varying the relative proportions of the solids, the relative density (or specific gravity) of the medium can be adjusted.

Scrap materials are typically identified by skilled sorters using a limited number of physical and chemical tests. These tests rely on object recognition, color, apparent density, magnetic properties, nature of spark pattern when ground on an abrasive wheel, chemical reaction to reagents and chemical analysis.